COP 3530, Discrete Data Structures and Algorithms, Summer 1999, Homework 5 :: UFL Florida Computer Programming Homework

Class Notes: Data Structures and Algorithms Summer-C Semester 1999 - M WRF 2nd Period CSE/E119, Section 7344 Homework #5 -- Due Wed 30 June 1999 : 09.30am Revised Date In class, we discussed the breadth-first and depth-first search (BFS and DFS) algorithms for graph traversal. Using your class notes and the text (Chapter 12) as a guide, answer the following questions. Note: Answers are in blue typeface. * Question 1. Write pseudocode (not Java code) for the BFS algorithm we discussed in class. Beside each step, write the number of external I/O, memory I/O, incrementation, comparison, and other types of operations employed. Then, construct a work budget for each type of operation, together with a Big-Oh estimate of complexity. Answer: Psudeocode for BFS is given for a graph having n vertices and m edges, as follows: procedure: Breadth-first-search(w) { initialize list L0 to contin vertex w # 2 mem I/O i = 0 # 1 mem I/O while not(isEmpty(Li)) do # n-1 comps { create Li+1 = empty list # 1 mem I/O for each vertex v in Li do # n iterations max. { for each edge e incident on v do # m iter's max.

Effective Communication in the Business Meetings

Effective Communication in Business Meetings The great management guru Peter Drucker once said, â€Å"Business communication is all about understanding what has not been said. † Especially today business communication is one of important factors to be successful in the changeling business environment because during opened working environment one can meet lots of others for discussing but how to make an effective communication in business meetings? There are some of factors to impact deeply on result of an effective communication in the business meetings as clear goal or objective, careful planning, use materials, communication skills and conflict management. People may ignore to be involved in meetings, if they know their time will not be useful or non-productivity. Meetings should be completely carried out periodically or prepare urgently (if required) during work running of any organization. There are ways to spend the time more effectively. First factor considers here is goal or objective of business meeting. The goal or objective is built basing on actual situation of works what need to solve or make a decision, even just making a relationship. A business meeting without goal or objective considers as one walks around without home port, especially today’s challenging business environment is more focused in result. Imaginably there is no specifically stated desired outcome of the meeting so that is no point in availability the meeting. The goal or objective impacts people on gathering includes, but not limited to: communicating information, problem solving, team building, and making decision. Scheduling or preparation, communication, conflict management and follow-up are some of key factors to make sure that meetings are productive and efficient and that is being more essential in the today’s complicated working environment. The key for achieving the goal is an advance planning by everyone involved in the meeting. Detailed planning is a guideline to build an effective business meeting. Planning for meeting will support attendees to have a visualizing in advance how the meeting will be organized, where meeting attendees will sit, who will present in the meeting and how long the presentations will last. The meeting time and location should be confirmed one day before meeting to support attendees having a proper arrangement. Besides the meeting location should be able to accommodate all guests, convenient location, technological capabilities, and a comfortable condition. When the ocation has been determined, next important step is to start researching the information needed for the presentation, creating an agenda. The agenda should start with a quick objective or goal reminder, followed by the time frame allotted to each presentation. Research and investigation are perhaps the most important piece of planning an effective business meeting, which will help discover, summarize and organize the topic of the meeting. By making a convincing argument on the topic, the part icipants will be able to provide facts, instances, and definitions to support the subject. There are five main sources that can provide information for presentations. First of all is personal experience. Personal experience reflects the flow of thoughts and meanings persons bring to their immediate situations. The second resource is internet, especially in the 21st centuries which is considering as era of information technology. The goal is to improve the ability of people from all walks of life and interests to access, search, and use the information distributed in Internet resources. According to Usunier, & Roulin (2010, Apr), â€Å"there is no geographic limitation to Internet access and suppliers in any country can create Web sites containing information and dialogue content† (p. 189-227). Using a search engine is becoming more common in finding research. Instead of using search engines, online libraries are also available to support for finding research. Third resource is written and visual resources in different channels as magazines, journals, newspapers, books, broadcasts, and documentaries which can be consulted for information, arguments, and evidence for presentation in the meeting. The fourth resource is research methodology. Appropriate methodology is taking short time to find out the needed information. Pullin (2010, Oct) states â€Å"the research methodology was qualitative in nature and, to ensure scientific rigor, a multi-method approach was taken in collecting and analyzing the data† (p. 460). The fifth source is other people. In order to accurately use other people as a source is also a shortest way to help presenter receiving needed information for meeting, but presenter should clarify the provided information as doing an informational interview with the person. Research can make the presenter feel more confident in communicating the presentation, and as a result, the presentation will be more powerful. â€Å"The vital elements of the communication process are the source, encoding, the message, the medium, decoding, the receiver, and feedback. An understanding of those components can help you design effective conversation communication programs† (Jacobson, 2009, p. 12). Those components will be handled easily by effective communication skills, which are essential in conducting a successful business meeting. Communication is an art which is not mastered by all so an effective communicator should be taken clearly when sending or receiving the messages. â€Å"Effective communication is one where you are able to send and receive messages in a clear, coherent manner overcoming all the barriers† (Bardia, 2010, p. 29). People listen to what is being said and engage in dialogue. Communication skills include: influencing, negotiation, making an impact, dealing with conflict and dealing difficult people. Business research has identified communication apprehension as a problem for improving communication skills. Aly (2005) states â€Å"communication apprehension as an individual level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons† (p. 98). When a speaker gives a speech in front of a large group of people, seemingly anxiety and fidgeting produce interfering, off-task thoughts and its result is apparent of word jumping or increased rhythm of heart that inhibit skill development. Public speaking is a common source of stress for everyone. Many of us would like to avoid this problem entirely, but this is hard to do. Once there is determination as how to overcome the fear? overcoming the fear can be done by making sure the topic is known, analyzing the audience competently, knowing the speech content well, recognizing value and uniqueness, and focusing on communicating with the audience instead of on the fear. Some other strategies that can ensure the meeting is effective are clarifying, confirming and summarizing. Making sure that the purpose of the meeting is clarified will reduce any chances of the audience misunderstanding the content. By asking the audience questions, or answering their questions, we can confirm that everyone understands. This is true when summarizing is used. By summarizing all the information at the end of the presentation, the presenter is, once again, making sure the information was understood. An effective communication in meetings is not only solely responsible for speaker but also share the burden those who attend the meeting. An active listening communication strategy will help ensure a successful meeting. Urquhart (2004) states â€Å"these four steps to become a more active listener: Hearing, feedback and interpretation, evaluation and response† (p. 3). â€Å"Hearing involves paying attention to what the speaker is saying and being sure it is heard† (Urquhart, 2004). The message will be encoded and understood by showing out the feedback and interpretation. On the way, the feedback will support speaker find out and correct any misunderstanding. The listener may be able to ask the question until the listener is sure that message is encoded and understood accurately. Finally, listener will decide what to do with the information given by the speaker. During a meeting, there is a good chance that two or more members of the group will disagree. That is also to let us to see the matter as others aspects. The disagreement may result in conflict. An effective communicator should know how to deal with conflict. There are five steps to help organizations deal with conflict in a constructive way as follows: 1. Recognizing that the conflict exists. 2. Finding common ground by putting the conflict in the context of the larger goal of the team and the organization. 3. Understanding all the perspectives of the issue, this means that everyone is not required to agree with the opposing views. 4. Attacking the issue and not the members of the team. 5. Developing an action plan that describes how each member of the team will solve the problem or issue. By following above mentioned steps during a meeting, the conflicts will be able to deal with in a opened-mind, cooperative manner. To require an understanding the goal of a meeting or presentation the speaker should be able to understand of what the final outcome and what is trying to reach. By the way to make a successful meeting, presenter should have a worst result of what meeting will be as misunderstanding or responded disagreement. In order to establish that the goals of the meeting have been met, the audience is not only taking an active part but also the presenter must make the audience interested in the topic along with meeting significance of the topic. There are two important questions to support presenter clarifying the goal or objective. First, what do I want my audience to know or do as a result of my speech? Second, how will I know if I am successful? Being clear those questions is the audience’s feedback. Feedback is recognized by immediate behavior change from the audience and asking question to audience also on the way to get feedback. The follow up actions to the presentation or meeting consist of any actions that are to be determined at a later time. Minute and any decisions made at the meeting must be noted and distributed to all parties involved. Delegations of assignments are to be noted and follow up must be carried out. Besides, additional meetings might be necessary if the final outcome is not clear or decisions are not probably made. In conclusion, an effective meeting is determined to conduct by several strategies. Meetings are productive and efficient when we incorporate all of above-mentioned ideal. Careful planning and clear goal or objectives are the key factor as well as choosing the suitable time and right location for the meeting. Being prepared presentation for the meeting is also very important, there is irresponsible if anyone going to a meeting and not being prepared, it may send the wrong message to the others in the meeting. The meeting is unsuccessful if any key factor is missing. Visualizing how the meeting will unfold if the meeting is held in the noise location. Besides, an active listening communication strategy as giving feedback and asking question will help ensure a successful meeting. Getting the audience involved in the meeting will create a more productive meeting. Also, by asking the audience to evaluate and respond to the information provided will allow them to participate in the discussion and make suggestions on ways to find a solution. On the way, focusing goals and working on solutions during the meeting can influence others being interested in the meeting and being more involved. We all know that the anxiety will appear by various points of view when speaking in front of a large group or even a small group and it will reduce when we make confidence by ourselves experiences, communication skills and also well prepared. Communication skills and experience are only cumulative by taking more serious. If you appear nervous or unsure; the audience may lose interest in the topic. The speaker should always be prepared, analyze the audience, and focus on the subject matter. Other strategies that can ensure for an effective meeting are clarifying the topic, confirming that the audience understands the information given, and summarize all the information at the end of the meeting. We have also learned that conflict is part of business meeting to help attendees have a several looking for one matter and by the way supporting to make decisions. Keep in mind, not everyone will agree with what you are saying, therefore; we should try to have an open mind and try to find common ground. Do not attack the other members of the team, because they may not agree with you, simply attack the issue at hand. Conflict isn’t actually good or bad, the way is how we deal with it. Developing an action plan as a team may allow the other members to feel that the problem can be worked out in a respectful, professional manner. Conducting effective business meetings will definitely help to improve productivity at the workplace. Almost meeting will be stressful, but by the way to make everyone involved interestingly that the meetings are well planned, organized, and allow the attendees to discuss possible solutions to solve the problems what they arise. Productive meetings are not only making a unity between groups but also teaching us essential communication skills, cumulate costly experience and how to manage conflict. Finally, during these meetings we practice problem solving, idea sharing and incorporate creativity that will eventually lead to a successful business environment.

Stowe, Wheatley, And Truth Essay - 1196 Words

When it comes to Stowe, Wheatley, and Truth there is one universal factor that they all had in common. That factor was they all shared a common theme and all their novels and that theme was based on slavery. Each of these authors have their own way of expressing their opinions of slavery and how they portrayed it. They also all had different approaches and different writing styles. The pieces of work that will be covered o express to answer the these questions are Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Stowe, His Excellency General Washington by Wheatley, and Ain’t I a Woman by Truth. Stowe’s political objectives played a huge role in effecting the style and formal aspect of his novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin. His main political objective was to get people to†¦show more content†¦But I do not agree with this. I feel that Stowe was just trying to spread awareness and let people know the extreme experiences that slaves were actually put through. I feel that this is very different then promoting racial stereotypes. In a way I feel like this is challenging them more because it is more real and honest. This novel says it how it was there was no sugar coating whatsoever. This to me was a great approach because it was better at spreading awareness of what all those people actually went through. I believe that Wheatley’s work is revolutionary in content. I believe this because of what was discussed in the pieces of work â€Å" One century scarce performed its destined round, When Gallic powers Columbia’s fury found; And so may you, whoever dares disgrace The land of freedom’s heaven-defended race! Fixes are the eyes of nations on the scales, For in their hopes Columbia’s arm prevails. Anon Britannia droops the pensive head, While round increase the rising hills of dead. Ah! Cruel blindness to Columbia’s state! Lament thy thirst of boundless power too late.† (Wheatley) This quote from His Excellency General Washington by Wheatley to me is very revolutionary in content. I feel this because it was meant for George Washington and set to him. This all ties in to one because at the time that this poem was sent to George Washington he was the newly appointed commander and chief of the Armies of North America. This to meShow MoreRelatedLite rary Analysis Of The Slavery Period A Number Of African Slaves By Harriet Beecher Stowe1798 Words   |  8 PagesAgustin Gamez Instructor: Nancy R. Williams Course: American Literature Date: 10/14/2015 Literary Analysis Essay # 2 During the slavery period a number of African slaves wrote stories, and poems about their daily hardships that they had to withhold by being a slave and everything else that happen throughout their life’s. Not many Black writers had the resources or support from their owners to publish what they wrote or anyone to care about what they wrote, lucky slaves did reach success when theyRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 PagesL.M. Anne of Green Gables JF Morrison, Toni Beloved AF http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beloved_(novel) Morrison, Toni The bluest eye AF Morrison, Toni Sula AF Morton, Kate Forgotten garden AF Nabakov, Vladimir Lolita AF Naidoo, Beverley Other side of truth YA Niffenegger, Audrey The time traveller’s wife AF Niland, D’Arcy The shiralee AF Nunn, Cameron Shadows in the mirror YA Oates, Joyce Carol Black girl/White girl AF O’Brien, Robert Z for Zachariah YA O’Dell, Scott Island of the blue dolphins JF Orwell

Criminal Justice Internship At The Yale Child Abuse Programs

â€Å"If you have a passion for it, you’ll find it out in the field† (Josh Valentino). I completed my criminal justice internship at the Yale Child Abuse Programs Department of Pediatrics, in New Haven Connecticut. My internship with the Child Abuse Programs was such an eye opening experience. I not only got to learn about my field of study, but this internship has also aloud me to discover a lot about myself as a person as well. When I walked into the Yale building on my first day as an intern, I did not know what to expect, and I certainly had no idea that my time there would leave such a huge impact on me. I remember thinking that this was my chance to confirm that my ultimate goal of working as a forensic psychologist was the right career choice me. On the first day of my internship, I was introduced to the staff that I would be working with, and I also received a tour of the clinic. I was informed that there were four forensic interviewers on staff, as well as four practitioners, a program coordinator, a child life specialist and a host of family and child services advocates. Since we work mostly with children, the clinic itself is very child friendly. We have a playroom that houses everything from iPads, to dollhouses. If a child is coming to our clinic, it is usually is because they are a victim of some kind of abuse. As you can imagine, this is a very traumatic time for them and we try to make it as comfortable as possible given the circumstances. The clinic also has anShow MoreRelatedCjs 240 Intro to Juvenile Justice the Juvenile Justice Systems Need to Focus on Rehabilitation1888 Words   |  8 PagesThe Juvenile Justice System’s Need to Focus on Rehabilitation The Juvenile Justice System’s Need to Focus on Rehabilitation Amanda R. Molnar Axia College of the University of Phoenix The Juvenile Justice System Needs to Focus on Rehabilitation The juvenile justice system has long been in debate over whether its focus should be rehabilitation or punishment. From its birth in the early 20th century, the juvenile justice system has changed its focus from punishment to rehabilitation and backRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages52 Intellectual Abilities 52 †¢ Physical Abilities 55 †¢ The Role of Disabilities 56 Implementing Diversity Management Strategies 56 Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining Diverse Employees 56 †¢ Diversity in Groups 58 †¢ Effective Diversity Programs 58 Summary and Implications for Managers 60 S A L Self-Assessment Library What’s My Attitude Toward Older People? 40 Myth or Science? â€Å"Dual-Career Couples Divorce Less† 47 An Ethical Choice Religious Tattoos 51 glOBalization! Images of DiversityRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesmanagement and strategic marketing. It can also be used as a text in international marketing courses. Retailing, entrepreneurship, and ethics courses could use a number of these cases and their learning insights. It can certainly be used in training programs and even appeal to nonprofessionals who are looking for a good read about well-known firms and personalities. TEACHING AIDS As in previous editions, you will find a plethora of teaching aids and discussion material within and at the end of

Security And Privacy Of Big Data - 779 Words

1. Introduction The development of the current big data is still faced with many problems especially security and privacy protection [1]. On the Internet People s behavior are known by Internet merchants [2], such as Amazon, DangDang know our reading habits, and Google, Baidu knows our search habits. A number of actual cases show that personal privacy will be exposed even after harmless data being collected [1]. In fact, the meaning of big data information security is much extensive. The threat person facing with is not only personal privacy leak, but also the protection of big data itself and knowledge acquired from it. Currently many organizations realize the big data security issues and actively take actions on big data information†¦show more content†¦These data would attract more potential attackers, and become a more attractive target. On the other hand, with data assembled, the hacker could get more data in one successful attack, and reduce hacker s attack costs. The confidentiality of information refers that according to a specified requirements, information cannot be disclosed to unauthorized individuals, entities or processes, or provided the characteristics of its use. A large amount of data collection includes a large number of enterprises operating data, customer information, personal privacy and all kinds of behavior records. The centralized storage of these data increases the risk of data leakage, and not abused of these data also becomes a part of the personal safety. There is no clear definition to the proprietorship and right to use of sensitive data. And many analysis based on large data did not consider the individual privacy issues involved either. The integrity of information refers to all the resources which can only be modified by authorized people or with the form of authorization. The purpose is to prevent information from being modified with unauthorized users. Due to the openness of big data, in the process of network transmission, information would be damaged, such as hackers intercepted, interruption, tampering and forgery. Encryption technology has solved the data confidentialityShow MoreRelatedThe Invasion Of Privacy And Concern For Safety1624 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: The invasion of privacy and concern for safety has been an increasing worry among people who live in the United States and across the world. The main issue is how does the government’s actions change how people view their own security and even national security. Broader theories of this research question would be how the government’s interaction with technology and security influence how people think about their own personal privacy and safety as well as our national security. 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The deï ¬ nition of big data is a matter of debate, however, a typical reference is to the collection, management, and analysis of massive amounts of data (McNeely Hahm, 2014).According to George et. al.Read MorePrivacy Issues Of Data Mining And Data Publishing1404 Words   |  6 PagesPrivacy Issues in Data mining and Data Publishing: With the buzz around many big data applications, privacy concerns regarding their uses have also grown. With the personal data has been mined and published every day, the battle to reclaim the privacy starts vigorously. E-commerce websites harvests information about all the online searches of customers. Social Media exposes the likes and preferences of people, their photos and all their daily activities. Video surveillance monitors the movement ofRead MoreThe Security Measure Can Be Deployed For Enhancing Cyber Security1055 Words   |  5 PagesDespite the concern of privacy, security is also a major interest of big data application. 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Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Developing Countries free essay sample

A study of the transition of sexual diseases in the third world. This paper examines the incidents of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in developing countries. It discusses the types of illnesses HIV, HPV, AIDS and others. The paper looks at programs in the third world that provide medical care to these people. The author describes the preventive programs such as culturally-appropriate workshops, educational seminars, and other methods of spreading health education that are needed to ensure that residents of developing countries know how to prevent, manage and treat sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have been a problem for doctors worldwide and governments around the globe for many years. Pre-screening, diagnosis, and treatment programs are required to stop the spread of STDs. A host of sexually transmitted diseases have, unfortunately, exploded in large numbers in the continent of Africa. These STDs include the HIV virus and the HPV virus, or human papillomavirus. We will write a custom essay sample on Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Developing Countries or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page HPV causes cervical cancer, and the HIV virus causes AIDS (auto-immune deficiency syndrome).

Teens Should Have Part-time Jobs Essays - Aqua Teen Hunger Force

Teens Should Have Part-time Jobs Having a job as a teen can be a difficult task, but most teens are responsible enough to work. It's a good experience to apply, interview, and keep a job. You learn to work with and get along with all kinds of people. You also meet new friends. My opinion concerning working teens is that most can handle the pressure and the responsibility. Working helps a teen learn responsibility. Teens must be able to fill out an application and answer questions about themselves and their abilities. After getting the job, a teen has to be at work on time. Sometimes they have to sacrifice fun activities because of their job. Teens also have to do a job well and perform with 100% of their skills. They should not just half way do a job, just because they are lazy or don't feel like doing it. Working, teaches teens what it will be like to hold a job when they are adults, and what a big responsibility it is. They also will already have working experience. Working teens are too busy to get into trouble. Fewer teens would be on the street, if more teens held a job. If more teens got jobs, there would most likely be a lot less graffiti on walls and buildings. The crime rate among teens would drop drastically. Gangs would not be ?hanging out? on the street, instead they would be serving themselves and the community. The number of car related accidents among teens would decrease, keeping the roads safe for other drivers as well as pedestrians. Having a job could help a teen have enough money to open a checking or savings account. A savings account will help the teen save money for college, a car, or other large expenses for the future. It pays interest which makes the account built up faster. A checking account can teach a teen how to balance a checkbook and how to write a check. It will show them how to keep up with how much money they have and how to manage that money wisely. Having a checking account can help you stay on a budget if you need to make a car payment or other payment each month. Teens can earn extra money to spend on themselves instead of bumming money off of their mother or father every time they need something. For instance, if a teen got a job at a convenience store they could get paid minimum wage. Minimum wage is $5.25, which could average up to $630.00 a month or $7,560 a year, depending on how many hours are worked. Most teens love listening to music, and they buy CDs or tapes to listen to. A job wou ld help pay for these. Some teens are lucky enough to have a car to drive. Therefore, they will need money for gas, for the expensive insurance they must have, and for all the extras like carwashes,or getting it fixed, or tune-ups. Some teens could help out their parents with utility bills, food, and other expenses. Having a job as a teen is a huge responsibility, but it can also be rewarding. It builds social skills by helping the teen learn to work with all kind of people in different situations. It builds job skills and responsibility. It also builds financial skills by teaching a teen to deal with money at the place they work at and how to manage their own money. All teens should have the opportunity to get a job, if they desire.